Sulfur
Sources sulfur
- By-product of petroleum and natural gas refining
- Occurs in sulphide ores e.g. lead sulphide
- Underground sulfur beds
- Volcano rims
Uses
| Sulfur | Sulfur Dioxide |
| Rubber vulcanization | As a bleach for wood pulp in the manufacture of paper |
| In car batteries as an electrolyte | Food preservative; kills bacteria |
| Manufacture of sulphuric acid ( Contact Process) | Metal and ore refining (reducing agent) |
Sulphuric acid
Sulphuric acid is a colourless liquid, strong, non-volatile acid. It is a very strong oxidising agent i.e. it can oxidize both metals and non-metals (bases) forming salts (sulphates). Its soluble in water and emits heat when dissolved. It can be used as a dehydrating agent as it absorbs water.
Contact Process
Factors employed to increase yield of Sulphur trioxide
Temperature- 450 0C (low)
Pressure- 1atm,
Catalyst- vanadium(v) oxide (it speeds up the rate of reaction).
Procedure
❶ Formation of Sulphur dioxide
Sulphur is reacted with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide.
S(g) + O2 → SO2(s)
❷ Formation of Sulphur trioxide
SO2 is further reacted with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide in a reversible reaction (going both directions).
2SO2 + O2(g) ⇋ 2SO2(g).
❸ Formation of oleum
Sulphur trioxide is cooled and reacted in concentrated sulfuric acid to produce oleum,
SO3 + H2SO4 → H2S2O7.
When sulfur trioxide is reacted with water it forms a mist sulfuric acid.
❹ Formation of Sulfuric Acid
Oleum is diluted with water to form sulphuric acid.
H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
Properties of Sulfuric Acid
-
- Concentrated H2SO4 is a strong oxidizing and dehydrating agent
- Corrosive when concentrated
- Low pH (turns blue litmus red)
- High electrical conductivity
Uses of Sulphuric acid
| Concentrated | Diluted |
| Used in phosphate fertilizers | Cleaning metal surfaces |
| Production of paints and dyes | Catalyst in organic reactions |
- in making detergents
- to manufacture plastics and fibres
- in refining petroleum
- as electrolyte in car battery
- galvanization and electroplating
- in production of dyes, drugs, explosives…
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